A motorway (in the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand and some Commonwealth nations) is both a type of road and a classification. Motorways are highways intended to carry a large volume of traffic where a normal road would not suffice or would be unsafe, usually between cities. In the UK they are predominantly dual-carriageway roads, typically with three lanes in each direction, although four-lane and two-lane carriageways are also common, and all have grade-separated access.
Equivalent terms in other countries include autoroute, Autobahn, freeway, autostrada, autopista, motorvej, motorväg and autoput
Thursday, March 29, 2007
Monday, March 26, 2007
Home computer
The home computer is a consumer-friendly word for the second generation of microcomputers, entering the market in 1977 and becoming common during the 1980s.
The home computer became affordable for the general public due to the mass production of the silicon chip based microprocessor and as the name indicates, tended to be used in the home rather than in business/industrial contexts (the name also marks the difference from the first generation of microcomputers (from 1974/75 onwards) which catered mostly to engineers and hobbyists with good soldering skills, as they were often sold as kits to be assembled by the customer). The home computer largely died out at the end of the decade or in the early 1990s (in Europe) due to the rise of the IBM PC compatible personal computer (the IBM PC and its clones are not covered in this article).
The home computer became affordable for the general public due to the mass production of the silicon chip based microprocessor and as the name indicates, tended to be used in the home rather than in business/industrial contexts (the name also marks the difference from the first generation of microcomputers (from 1974/75 onwards) which catered mostly to engineers and hobbyists with good soldering skills, as they were often sold as kits to be assembled by the customer). The home computer largely died out at the end of the decade or in the early 1990s (in Europe) due to the rise of the IBM PC compatible personal computer (the IBM PC and its clones are not covered in this article).
Wednesday, March 21, 2007
Street light
A street light or street lamp, also well-known as a light standard or lamp standard, is a raised light on the edge of a road, turned on or lit at a convinced time every night. Modern lamps may also have light-sensitive photocells to turn them on at dusk and off at sunrise, or activate automatically in dark weather. It is also not uncommon for street lights to be on posts which have wires strung between them (telephone poles or electrical poles).
Friday, March 16, 2007
Piers
The Palace Pier (renamed Brighton Pier in 2000) opened in May 1899 and is still popular. It suffered a large fire on 4 February 2003 but the injure was limited and most of the pier was able to reopen the next day.
The even older West Pier, built in 1866, has been closed since 1975 awaiting renovation. The West Pier is one of only two Grade I listed piers in the UK, the other being Clevedon Pier. Plans to renovate the pier have been different by some local residents who claim that the future new onshore structures - which the renovators need to pay for the work on the pier - would obstruct their view of the sea. The restoration is also opposed by the owners of the Brighton Pier, who supposedly see its subsidised rebuilding, were it to happen, as unfair competition.
The West Pier incompletely collapsed on December 29, 2002 when a walkway connecting the concert hall and pavilion fell into the sea after being battered by storms. On January 20, 2003 a further collapse saw the destruction of the concert hall in the middle of the pier. On March 28, 2003 the pavilion at the end of the pier caught fire. Firefighters were unable to save the building from destruction because of the precarious state of the walkway. The cause of the fire remains unknown. On May 12, 2003, another fire broke out, intense most of what was left of the concert hall. Arson was supposed. On June 23, 2004 high winds caused the middle of the pier to completely collapse.
Despite all these setbacks, the owner of the site West Pier Trust remained obstinate they would soon begin full restoration work. Finally, in December 2004, the trust admitted defeat, after their plans were discarded by English Heritage and the Lottery Heritage Fund. They still hope to reconstruct the pier in some form, though restoration is no longer their goal.
The even older West Pier, built in 1866, has been closed since 1975 awaiting renovation. The West Pier is one of only two Grade I listed piers in the UK, the other being Clevedon Pier. Plans to renovate the pier have been different by some local residents who claim that the future new onshore structures - which the renovators need to pay for the work on the pier - would obstruct their view of the sea. The restoration is also opposed by the owners of the Brighton Pier, who supposedly see its subsidised rebuilding, were it to happen, as unfair competition.
The West Pier incompletely collapsed on December 29, 2002 when a walkway connecting the concert hall and pavilion fell into the sea after being battered by storms. On January 20, 2003 a further collapse saw the destruction of the concert hall in the middle of the pier. On March 28, 2003 the pavilion at the end of the pier caught fire. Firefighters were unable to save the building from destruction because of the precarious state of the walkway. The cause of the fire remains unknown. On May 12, 2003, another fire broke out, intense most of what was left of the concert hall. Arson was supposed. On June 23, 2004 high winds caused the middle of the pier to completely collapse.
Despite all these setbacks, the owner of the site West Pier Trust remained obstinate they would soon begin full restoration work. Finally, in December 2004, the trust admitted defeat, after their plans were discarded by English Heritage and the Lottery Heritage Fund. They still hope to reconstruct the pier in some form, though restoration is no longer their goal.
Sunday, March 11, 2007
Niagara Falls
Niagara Falls is a set of massive waterfalls situated on the Niagara River in eastern North America, on the border among the United States and Canada. Niagara Falls (French: les Chutes du Niagara) comprises three separate waterfalls: the Horseshoe Falls (Canadian Falls), the American Falls, and the smaller, nearby Bridal Veil Falls. The Falls are situated 16 miles (26 km) away from the U.S. city of Buffalo and 43 miles (69 km) from the Canadian city of Toronto. The distance to downtown Toronto is 80 miles (123 km) when using roads.
The Falls formed after the receding of the glaciers of the most recent Ice Age, as water from the newly created Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment enroute to the Atlantic Ocean. While not exceptionally high, Niagara Falls is very wide. With more than 6 million cubic feet (168,000 m³) of water falling over the crestline every minute in high flow, and almost 4 million cubic feet (110,000 m³) on average, it is the most powerful waterfall in North America.
Niagara Falls is not well-known only for its beauty. The Falls are a valuable source of hydroelectric power for both Ontario and New York. Preserving this natural wonder from commercial overdevelopment, while allowing for the needs of the area's people, has been a tough project for environmental preservationists since the nineteenth century. A popular tourist site for over a century, the Falls are shared between the twin cities of Niagara Falls, Ontario and Niagara Falls, New York.
The Falls formed after the receding of the glaciers of the most recent Ice Age, as water from the newly created Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment enroute to the Atlantic Ocean. While not exceptionally high, Niagara Falls is very wide. With more than 6 million cubic feet (168,000 m³) of water falling over the crestline every minute in high flow, and almost 4 million cubic feet (110,000 m³) on average, it is the most powerful waterfall in North America.
Niagara Falls is not well-known only for its beauty. The Falls are a valuable source of hydroelectric power for both Ontario and New York. Preserving this natural wonder from commercial overdevelopment, while allowing for the needs of the area's people, has been a tough project for environmental preservationists since the nineteenth century. A popular tourist site for over a century, the Falls are shared between the twin cities of Niagara Falls, Ontario and Niagara Falls, New York.
Tuesday, March 06, 2007
Antarctic flora
The climate of Antarctica does not permit extensive vegetation. A combination of sub-zero temperatures, poor soil quality, lack of moisture, and lack of sunlight inhibit the flourishing of plants. As a result, plant life is limited to frequently mosses and liverworts. The autotrophic community is ended up of mostly protists. The flora of the continent mainly consists of lichens, bryophytes, algae, and fungi. Growth normally occurs in the summer, and only for a few weeks at most.
There are more than 200 species of lichens and approximately 50 species of bryophytes, such as mosses. Seven hundred types of algae exist, most of which are phytoplankton. Multicolored snow algae and diatoms are particularly abundant in the coastal regions during the summer. There are two species of flowering plants found in the Antarctic Peninsula: Deschampsia antarctica (Antarctic hair grass) and Colobanthus quitensis (Antarctic pearlwort).
There are more than 200 species of lichens and approximately 50 species of bryophytes, such as mosses. Seven hundred types of algae exist, most of which are phytoplankton. Multicolored snow algae and diatoms are particularly abundant in the coastal regions during the summer. There are two species of flowering plants found in the Antarctic Peninsula: Deschampsia antarctica (Antarctic hair grass) and Colobanthus quitensis (Antarctic pearlwort).
Thursday, March 01, 2007
Mimosa pudica
The Sensitive plant is a creeping annual or perennial herb often grown for its interest value: the compound leaves fold inner and droop when touched, re-opening within minutes. Mimosa pudica is native to Brazil, but is now a pantropical weed. Other names given to this curious plant are Humble plant, Shame plant, Sleeping grass, Prayer Plant, Touch-me-not, Makahiya (Philippines, meaning "shy"), and Mori Vivi (West Indies). The Chinese name for this plant translates to "shyness grass". The species epithet, pudica, is Latin for "bashful" or "shrinking".
Because of its curious nature and easy reproduction. Its sinhala name is Nidikumba, where 'nidi' means 'sleep'. It is marketed to children under the name of the "Mr Tickle" plant, (based on the Mr Men characters by Roger Hargreaves).The stem is erect in young plants, but becomes creeping or trailing with age. The stem is slender, branching, and sparsely to densely prickly,
growing to a length of 1.5 m (5 ft). The leaves are compound, with one or two pinnae pairs, and 10-26 leaflets per pinna. The petioles are also prickly. Pedunculate (stalked) pale pink or purple flower heads arise from the leaf axils. The globose to ovoid heads are 8-10 mm in diameter
(excluding the stamens). On close examination, it is seen that the floret petals are red in their upper part and the filaments are pink to lavender. The fruit consists of clusters of 2-8 pods from 1-2 cm long each, these prickly on the margins. The pods break into 2-5 segments and contain
pale brown seeds some 2.5 mm long.
Because of its curious nature and easy reproduction. Its sinhala name is Nidikumba, where 'nidi' means 'sleep'. It is marketed to children under the name of the "Mr Tickle" plant, (based on the Mr Men characters by Roger Hargreaves).The stem is erect in young plants, but becomes creeping or trailing with age. The stem is slender, branching, and sparsely to densely prickly,
growing to a length of 1.5 m (5 ft). The leaves are compound, with one or two pinnae pairs, and 10-26 leaflets per pinna. The petioles are also prickly. Pedunculate (stalked) pale pink or purple flower heads arise from the leaf axils. The globose to ovoid heads are 8-10 mm in diameter
(excluding the stamens). On close examination, it is seen that the floret petals are red in their upper part and the filaments are pink to lavender. The fruit consists of clusters of 2-8 pods from 1-2 cm long each, these prickly on the margins. The pods break into 2-5 segments and contain
pale brown seeds some 2.5 mm long.
Sunday, February 25, 2007
Fever
Fever is a common medical symptom that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels that are above normal (37°C, 98.6°F). Fever is most accurately characterized as a temporary elevation in the body’s thermoregulatory set-point, which is regularly by about 1-2°C. Fever differs from hyperthermia, which is an increase in body temperature over the body’s thermoregulatory set-point .
The elevation in thermoregulatory set-point means that the previous "normal body temperature" is considered hypothermic, and effector mechanisms kick in. The person who is increasing the fever has a cold sensation, and an increase in heart rate, muscle tone and shivering attempt to counteract the perceived hypothermia, thereby reaching the new thermoregulatory set-point.
The elevation in thermoregulatory set-point means that the previous "normal body temperature" is considered hypothermic, and effector mechanisms kick in. The person who is increasing the fever has a cold sensation, and an increase in heart rate, muscle tone and shivering attempt to counteract the perceived hypothermia, thereby reaching the new thermoregulatory set-point.
Tuesday, February 20, 2007
Mamallapuram
Mamallapuram or Mahabalipuram is a tourist town 60 km south of Chennai made well-known by its stone carvings. The most famous memorial is the Shore Temple: when lit by moonlight, it is one of the most fine-looking locations in the region. The best instance to visit is November to March.
It is the major, and possibly only worthwile, tourist attraction of historical value close to Chennai (Madras), India's fourth biggest city. The East Coast Road has made it easily reachable - just about an hour from the city. Unfortunately, the complete strip is now a mess of restaurants, resorts, amusement parks, people, discarded plastic and chaotic traffic. At one time you could see the Bay of Bengal almost all the way to M'puram, but, there is so much growth that the ocean is glimpsed only as you get close to M'puram.
Mamallapuram itself was receiving run down over the last decade with very patchy efforts at keeping the monuments preserved. This has altered in the lst few years with the Shore Temple being included in the UNESCO heritage project. The environment have been made much nicer, but, there has been a lot of wind and water erosion on the temple carvings with many of them having undergone loss of detail over the years. Sort of too little. too late, but still, better than not anything. Be ready to fight you way through clutches of gypsies, beggars, guides, snakes charmers and so on, all of which is an essential part of the experience and not to be frowned upon. The total thing would be bland without them. A nuisance, but harmless.It is a nice two-hour detour on the road to Pondicherry, by far and away a more attractive place to visit.
It is the major, and possibly only worthwile, tourist attraction of historical value close to Chennai (Madras), India's fourth biggest city. The East Coast Road has made it easily reachable - just about an hour from the city. Unfortunately, the complete strip is now a mess of restaurants, resorts, amusement parks, people, discarded plastic and chaotic traffic. At one time you could see the Bay of Bengal almost all the way to M'puram, but, there is so much growth that the ocean is glimpsed only as you get close to M'puram.
Mamallapuram itself was receiving run down over the last decade with very patchy efforts at keeping the monuments preserved. This has altered in the lst few years with the Shore Temple being included in the UNESCO heritage project. The environment have been made much nicer, but, there has been a lot of wind and water erosion on the temple carvings with many of them having undergone loss of detail over the years. Sort of too little. too late, but still, better than not anything. Be ready to fight you way through clutches of gypsies, beggars, guides, snakes charmers and so on, all of which is an essential part of the experience and not to be frowned upon. The total thing would be bland without them. A nuisance, but harmless.It is a nice two-hour detour on the road to Pondicherry, by far and away a more attractive place to visit.
Wednesday, February 14, 2007
Kashmir-Tourism
Amarnath is one of the blessed shrines of the Hindus. Every year thousands of Hindu pilgrims from all over the world visit this shrine.Tourism forms an vital part of the Kashmiri economy. Often dubbed "Paradise on Earth," Kashmir's mountainous landscape has paying attention tourists for centuries.The Vaishno Devi cave shrine is nestled in the Trikuta mountain at a height of 5,200 feet above the sea level in Indian Kashmir. Vaishno Devi is the most main holy shrine of Shaktism denomination of Hinduism. In 2004, more than 6 million Hindu piligrims visited Vaishno Devi, making it one of the most visited spiritual sites in the world.There are many mosques serving the largely Muslim population, such as the Hazratbal Mosque, located on the banks of the Dal Lake. The sacred hair of the Holy Prophet Muhammad is said to have been brought to this part of the world by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb and this relic lies in the Hazratbal shrine. The shrine was built in white marble in contemporary times and bears a close resemblance to the holy shrine of Medina in Saudi Arabia where the prophet rests.
Nature has lavishly endowed Kashmir with certain distinctive favours which hardly find a parallel in any alpine land of the world. A spell on a houseboat on Dal Lake has always been one of the real treats, and Kashmir also offers some pleasant trekking opportunities and incomparable scenery.
Srinagar City is centred around Dal Lake and this huge lake attracts millions of tourists, both domestic and foreign. A drive along the Boulevard (the road along the banks of the lake) has been a favourite with locals and tourists alike mainly because of the lovely beauty of the boulevard and the shikaras. Srinagar City also has a lot of gardens along the banks of Dal Lake. Nishat, Cheshma-i-Shahi, Shalimar and Harven gardens all were built by the Moghuls and are extremely breathtaking in view all through the year. These gardens have the famed Chinar trees. These majestic trees be similar to Maples but are much bigger and more attractive.
Long ago, Dal Lake was renowned for its vastness, which stretched for more than 50 square miles. Unfortunately, today, due partly to unabated tourist influx that largely has been unorganized for some years now, this lake has shrunk to less than 10 square kilometres largely due to the plenty of residential and tourist sectors along its banks. Government mismanagement and apathy have also been causal factors to the shrinking of the lake.
Pahalgam is at the junction of the streams flowing from Sheshnag Lake and the Lidder River. Pahalgam (2,130 meters) once was a humble shepherd's village with astounding views. Today, Pahalgam is Kashmir's prime tourist resort. It is cool even during the height of summer when the maximum temperature does not exceed 25 degrees C.
Nature has lavishly endowed Kashmir with certain distinctive favours which hardly find a parallel in any alpine land of the world. A spell on a houseboat on Dal Lake has always been one of the real treats, and Kashmir also offers some pleasant trekking opportunities and incomparable scenery.
Srinagar City is centred around Dal Lake and this huge lake attracts millions of tourists, both domestic and foreign. A drive along the Boulevard (the road along the banks of the lake) has been a favourite with locals and tourists alike mainly because of the lovely beauty of the boulevard and the shikaras. Srinagar City also has a lot of gardens along the banks of Dal Lake. Nishat, Cheshma-i-Shahi, Shalimar and Harven gardens all were built by the Moghuls and are extremely breathtaking in view all through the year. These gardens have the famed Chinar trees. These majestic trees be similar to Maples but are much bigger and more attractive.
Long ago, Dal Lake was renowned for its vastness, which stretched for more than 50 square miles. Unfortunately, today, due partly to unabated tourist influx that largely has been unorganized for some years now, this lake has shrunk to less than 10 square kilometres largely due to the plenty of residential and tourist sectors along its banks. Government mismanagement and apathy have also been causal factors to the shrinking of the lake.
Pahalgam is at the junction of the streams flowing from Sheshnag Lake and the Lidder River. Pahalgam (2,130 meters) once was a humble shepherd's village with astounding views. Today, Pahalgam is Kashmir's prime tourist resort. It is cool even during the height of summer when the maximum temperature does not exceed 25 degrees C.
Thursday, February 08, 2007
Software
Software basically is the distinct image or representation of physical or material position that constitute configuration to or functional identity of a machine, usually a computer. As a substance of memory, software in principle can be changed without the alteration to the static paradigm of the hardware thus without the remanufacturing thereof. generally software is of an algorithmic form which translates into being to a progression of machine instructions. Some software, however, is of a relational form which translate into being the map of a recognition network.
Software is a program that enables a computer to achieve a specific task, as contrasting to the physical components of the system (hardware). This include application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to achieve a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run suitably, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this intellect by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all computer program. The perception of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a apparatus to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the source for most modern software was first projected by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungs problem.
TypesPractical computer systems partition software into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the division is subjective, and often blurred.
* System software is one of the major class helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes working systems, device drivers, analytical tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more. The intention of systems software is to protect the applications programmer as much as possible from the details of theexacting computer complex being use, especially memory and other hardware features, and such accessory procedure as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc.
* Programming software usually provide tools to support a programmer in writing computer programs and software with different programming languages in a more suitable way.The tools comprise text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on, An incorporated development environment (IDE) merge those tools into a software bundle, and a programmer may not need to type various command for compiling, interpreter, debugging, tracing, and etc., because the IDE typically has an sophisticated graphical user interface, or GUI.
* Application software allows humans to complete one or more explicit (non-computer related) tasks. typical applications include manufacturingautomation, business software, educational software, medical software, databases and computer games. Businesses are possibly the biggest users of application software, but approximately every field of human action now uses some form of application software. It is used tocomputerizeall sorts of functions.
Software is a program that enables a computer to achieve a specific task, as contrasting to the physical components of the system (hardware). This include application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to achieve a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run suitably, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.
The term "software" was first used in this intellect by John W. Tukey in 1957. In computer science and software engineering, computer software is all computer program. The perception of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a apparatus to control computations was invented by Charles Babbage as part of his difference engine. The theory that is the source for most modern software was first projected by Alan Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an application to the Entscheidungs problem.
TypesPractical computer systems partition software into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the division is subjective, and often blurred.
* System software is one of the major class helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes working systems, device drivers, analytical tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more. The intention of systems software is to protect the applications programmer as much as possible from the details of theexacting computer complex being use, especially memory and other hardware features, and such accessory procedure as communications, printers, readers, displays, keyboards, etc.
* Programming software usually provide tools to support a programmer in writing computer programs and software with different programming languages in a more suitable way.The tools comprise text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on, An incorporated development environment (IDE) merge those tools into a software bundle, and a programmer may not need to type various command for compiling, interpreter, debugging, tracing, and etc., because the IDE typically has an sophisticated graphical user interface, or GUI.
* Application software allows humans to complete one or more explicit (non-computer related) tasks. typical applications include manufacturingautomation, business software, educational software, medical software, databases and computer games. Businesses are possibly the biggest users of application software, but approximately every field of human action now uses some form of application software. It is used tocomputerizeall sorts of functions.
Sunday, February 04, 2007
The Real Miracle
As far as Miracles is concern, turning salty seawater in to sweet water is quite amazing. Regardless of the scientific clarification being doled out—surplus freshwater flowing from the Mahim River into the sea—the thousand mass to Mahim Creek near the beachfront in Mumbai will pretty see the ‘transubstantiation’ as the deed of the late Haji Maqdoom Baba, whose shrine is in the area. Mass hysteria, of course, is only a term to clarify the hordes of believers filling plastic bottles and drinking the water. But the real miracle would be if those glugging the ‘miraculous’ water manages to flee succumbing to serious gastric illness.
The water of Mahim Creek, sweetened or otherwise, is dirty and would scandalize not only the likes of Sunita Narain of the Centre for Science and Environment. Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh and officials of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai have already request to people not to drink the water. Industrial waste is not the finest ingredient for a miracle. But telling this to goggle-eyed people facing even more goggle-eyed TV cameras is as worthwhile as persuasive people that a Ganesh idol sipping milk is caused by suction and not godly lactose tolerance.
Fortunately, rumors of the sweetened water turning back to its original brackish form might stop a future surge. Now we only wait for the real miracle of no one complaining of sickness.
The water of Mahim Creek, sweetened or otherwise, is dirty and would scandalize not only the likes of Sunita Narain of the Centre for Science and Environment. Maharashtra Chief Minister Vilasrao Deshmukh and officials of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai have already request to people not to drink the water. Industrial waste is not the finest ingredient for a miracle. But telling this to goggle-eyed people facing even more goggle-eyed TV cameras is as worthwhile as persuasive people that a Ganesh idol sipping milk is caused by suction and not godly lactose tolerance.
Fortunately, rumors of the sweetened water turning back to its original brackish form might stop a future surge. Now we only wait for the real miracle of no one complaining of sickness.
Friday, January 26, 2007
Journalism Basics
Journalism is a concrete, professionally oriented major that involves gathering, interpreting, distilling, and other reporting information to the general audiences through a variety of media means. Journalism majors learn about every possible kind of Journalism (including magazine, newspaper, online journalism, photojournalism, broadcast journalism, and public relations).
That's not all, though. In addition to dedicated training in writing, editing, and reporting, Journalism wants a working knowledge of history, culture, and current events. You'll more than likely be required to take up a broad range of courses that runs the range from statistics to the hard sciences to economics to history. There would also be a lot of haughty talk about professional ethics and civic responsibility too - and you'll be tested on it. To top it all off, you'll perhaps work on the university newspaper or radio station, or possibly complete an internship with a magazine or a mass media conglomerate.
That's not all, though. In addition to dedicated training in writing, editing, and reporting, Journalism wants a working knowledge of history, culture, and current events. You'll more than likely be required to take up a broad range of courses that runs the range from statistics to the hard sciences to economics to history. There would also be a lot of haughty talk about professional ethics and civic responsibility too - and you'll be tested on it. To top it all off, you'll perhaps work on the university newspaper or radio station, or possibly complete an internship with a magazine or a mass media conglomerate.
Friday, December 15, 2006
Computer science
Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical basics of information and calculation and their execution and application in computer systems. Computer science has lot of sub-fields; a few highlight the calculation of exact consequences (such as computer graphics), whereas others (such as computational complexity theory) relate to properties of computational difficulties. Still others focus on the challenges in applying calculations. For instance, programming language theory studies move toward to describe calculations, whereas computer programming applies precise programming languages to answer precise computational difficulties.
Wednesday, December 06, 2006
Convection zone
Structure of the SunFrom about 0.7 solar radii to the Sun's visible surface, the material in the Sun is not dense enough or hot enough to transfer the heat energy of the interior outward via radiation. As a result, thermal convection occurs as thermal columns carry hot material to the surface (photosphere) of the Sun. Once the material cools off at the surface, it plunges back downward to the base of the convection zone, to receive more heat from the top of the radiative zone. Convective overshoot is thought to occur at the base of the convection zone, carrying turbulent downflows into the outer layers of the radiative zone.
The thermal columns in the convection zone form an imprint on the surface of the Sun, in the form of the solar granulation and supergranulation. The turbulent convection of this outer part of the solar interior gives rise to a "small-scale" dynamo that produces magnetic north and south poles all over the surface of the Sun.
The thermal columns in the convection zone form an imprint on the surface of the Sun, in the form of the solar granulation and supergranulation. The turbulent convection of this outer part of the solar interior gives rise to a "small-scale" dynamo that produces magnetic north and south poles all over the surface of the Sun.
Monday, November 27, 2006
Animal
Animals are a main cluster of organisms, classified as the kingdom. In common they are multicellular, capable of locomotion, responsive to their surroundings, and feed by overriding other organisms. Their body plan becomes fixed as they expand, usually in the early hours on in their growth as embryos, although some undergo a process of metamorphosis later on. More particularly, animals can be defined as heterotrophic eukaryotes without cell walls, which shift through a blastula stage in early development.
The word "animal" comes from the Latin sound animal, of which is the plural, and is derivative from anima, meaning "vital breath" or "soul". An ordinary usage of the term may be limited to so-called inferior animals and refer to humans only in a disapproving or humorous context.
The word "animal" comes from the Latin sound animal, of which is the plural, and is derivative from anima, meaning "vital breath" or "soul". An ordinary usage of the term may be limited to so-called inferior animals and refer to humans only in a disapproving or humorous context.
Thursday, November 23, 2006
Earth
Earth is the third planet in the planetary system in terms of distance from the Sun, and the fifth largest. It is also the major of its planetary system's terrestrial planets, making it the biggest solid body in the solar system, and it is the only place in the world known to humans to support life. It is also the densest planet in the solar system. The extensively accepted scientific theory states that the Earth was formed around 4.57 billion years ago and its natural satellite, the Moon, was orbiting it shortly subsequently, around 4.53 billion years ago.
Since it shaped, the Earth has altered through geological and biological processes that have secreted traces of the original conditions. The outer surface is divided into several tectonic plates that steadily migrate across the surface over geologic time spans. The interior of the earth remains active, with a thick layer of convecting up till now solid Earth covering and an iron core that generates a fascinating field. Its atmospheric conditions have been significantly altered by the presence of life forms, which create an ecological balance that modifies the surface circumstances. About 71% of the surface is covered in salt-water oceans, and the remainder consists of continents and islands.
Since it shaped, the Earth has altered through geological and biological processes that have secreted traces of the original conditions. The outer surface is divided into several tectonic plates that steadily migrate across the surface over geologic time spans. The interior of the earth remains active, with a thick layer of convecting up till now solid Earth covering and an iron core that generates a fascinating field. Its atmospheric conditions have been significantly altered by the presence of life forms, which create an ecological balance that modifies the surface circumstances. About 71% of the surface is covered in salt-water oceans, and the remainder consists of continents and islands.
Monday, November 20, 2006
Leather types
In general, leather is sold in three forms:
Full-Grain leather, made from the finest raw material, are clean natural hides which have not been sanded to remove imperfections. Only the hair has been removed. The grain remains in its normal state which will allow the best fiber power, resulting in greater strength. The natural grain also has natural breath ability, ensuing in greater comfort. The normal Full-Grain surface will wear recovered than other fur. Rather than wearing out, it will develop a natural "Patina" and grow more beautiful over time. The finest furniture, and footwear, are prepared from Full Grain leather.
Corrected-Grain leather, also known as Top-Grain leather, is wooly on one side and smooth on the other. The smooth side is the side where the hair and normal grain used to be. The hides, which are made from mediocre quality raw materials, have all of the natural grain sanded off, and a simulated grain applied. Top grain leather generally must be heavily painted to cover up the sanding and stamping process.
Full-Grain leather, made from the finest raw material, are clean natural hides which have not been sanded to remove imperfections. Only the hair has been removed. The grain remains in its normal state which will allow the best fiber power, resulting in greater strength. The natural grain also has natural breath ability, ensuing in greater comfort. The normal Full-Grain surface will wear recovered than other fur. Rather than wearing out, it will develop a natural "Patina" and grow more beautiful over time. The finest furniture, and footwear, are prepared from Full Grain leather.
Corrected-Grain leather, also known as Top-Grain leather, is wooly on one side and smooth on the other. The smooth side is the side where the hair and normal grain used to be. The hides, which are made from mediocre quality raw materials, have all of the natural grain sanded off, and a simulated grain applied. Top grain leather generally must be heavily painted to cover up the sanding and stamping process.
Wednesday, November 15, 2006
Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the only outstanding structure of the Seven Wonders of the World. Most Egyptologists agree the pyramid was constructed over a 20 year period closing around 2560 BC.It is generally understood that the Great Pyramid was built as the tomb of Fourth dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Khufu, after whom it is sometimes called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu.Khufu's vizier, Hemon, is qualified as the architect of the Great Pyramid.
The Great Pyramid is the oldest and biggest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis nearby what is now Cairo, Egypt in Africa. It is the main part of a compound setting of buildings that included two mortuary temples in honor of Khufu, three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even smaller "satellite" pyramid, a raised land bridge connecting the two temples, and small mastaba tombs surrounding the pyramid for aristocracy. One of the small pyramids contains the tomb of queen Hetepheres, sister and wife of Sneferu and the mother of Khufu.
The Great Pyramid is the oldest and biggest of the three pyramids in the Giza Necropolis nearby what is now Cairo, Egypt in Africa. It is the main part of a compound setting of buildings that included two mortuary temples in honor of Khufu, three smaller pyramids for Khufu's wives, an even smaller "satellite" pyramid, a raised land bridge connecting the two temples, and small mastaba tombs surrounding the pyramid for aristocracy. One of the small pyramids contains the tomb of queen Hetepheres, sister and wife of Sneferu and the mother of Khufu.
Thursday, November 09, 2006
Agriculture
Agriculture is the process of producing food, feed, fiber and other goods by the methodical raising of plants and animals.Agri is from Latin ager, and culture is from Latin cultura, meaning "cultivation" in the strict sense of tillage of the soil. A literal understanding of the English word yields: tillage of the soil of a field. In modern usage, the word Agriculture covers all activities essential to food/feed/fiber production, counting all techniques for raising and processing livestock.
Agriculture is also short for the study of the practice of agriculture more formally known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture is closely associated to human history, and agricultural developments have been crucual factors in social change, including the specialty of human activity. The world's laborers are working in agriculture, making it by far the most common occupation. However, agricultural production accounts for less than 5% of the Gross World Product.
Agriculture is also short for the study of the practice of agriculture more formally known as agricultural science. The history of agriculture is closely associated to human history, and agricultural developments have been crucual factors in social change, including the specialty of human activity. The world's laborers are working in agriculture, making it by far the most common occupation. However, agricultural production accounts for less than 5% of the Gross World Product.
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